WMAPE, MAPE, MAE & BIAS

Forecast Accuracy Lab

Measure forecast error size and direction, then find the SKUs where error is concentrated.

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01

Data

Edit the table or load the example.

Forecast and actual input rows
SKUForecastActualActions
02

Result

Error size, direction, and concentration.

Your result will appear here.

Analyze manual rows or upload a CSV to see metrics and Pareto.

Methodology, assumptions and limitations
WMAPE = Σ|Forecast − Actual| ÷ Σ Actual

MAE stays in operational units. MAPE averages row percentages and excludes Actual = 0. Bias uses Σ(Forecast − Actual) ÷ Σ Actual.

Bias convention

Positive means overforecasting; negative means underforecasting.

Limitations

  • WMAPE and bias are unavailable when total Actual is zero.
  • MAPE can be distorted by small Actual values.
  • SKU aggregation sums absolute error and avoids cancellation.